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For their study, the team enrolled 278 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) - the most common form of heart disease and a leading cause of death for men and women in the US.
All participants had completed a cardiac rehabilitation program, which showed them how to increase physical activity levels.
Fast facts about CHD
CHD is caused by a build-up of plaque in the coronary arteries, which prevents oxygen-rich blood from reaching the heart muscle
CHD kills around 370,000 Americans every year
High blood pressure, high cholesterol, overweight and obesity and diabetes are key risk factors for CHD.
Learn more about CHD
For 9 days, participants wore an activity monitor during waking hours, allowing the researchers to assess how long each subject spent sitting down and how long they spent engaging in light, moderate or vigorous exercise.
Additionally, the researchers assessed participants' body mass index (BMI) and cardiorespiratory fitness - the ability to engage in moderate- or high-intensity exercise for long periods - among other markers of health.
The team found that the participants were sedentary for an average of 8 hours daily, which they say was surprising given that they completed a program showing them how to get more exercise. "We assumed they would be less sedentary but they spent the majority of their day sitting," notes Dr. Prince.
On average, men spent 1 hour more sitting each day than women, which the researchers say is because women engaged in more light activity, such as housework and running errands.
Importantly, the researchers found that subjects who spent more time sitting had higher BMI and lower cardiorespiratory fitness - determined by maximal oxygen consumption, or VO2 peak.
What is more, these findings remained regardless of participants' age, gender or how much time they spent exercising. "In other words, people who sat for longer periods were heavier and less fit regardless of how much they exercised," says Dr. Prince.
The team says their findings emphasize the importance of reducing the amount of time we spend sitting down. Dr. Prince says:
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